Skip to main content
European Commission logo
Expert Network on Economics and Sociology of Education and Training (ENESET)

Assessing causality: a case for randomized controlled trials

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) offer robust, causal evidence in education policy evaluation. This report makes the case for their wider use across the EU to guide effective reform.

  • Report

Details

Publication date
21 February 2012
Authors
Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture | European Expert Network on Economics of Education (EENEE)
Geographical scope
  • European Union
Level of education focus
  • Adult education
  • Higher education
  • School education
Thematic areas covered
  • Educational effectiveness and efficiency
  • Governance of education
  • Investment in education, economic impact of education
  • Lifelong learning
  • Monitoring and quality assurance
  • Quality and inclusive education for all
  • Teachers and trainers
  • Whole-school and whole-system approaches and partnerships in education

Description

This report advocates for the broader application of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in evaluating education policies in Europe. It outlines how RCTs provide rigorous, causal evidence by comparing treatment and control groups under random assignment. 

The authors explain key methodological considerations, including sample size, ethical concerns, long-term effects, and external validity. Case studies from Europe and beyond illustrate successful RCT implementation and challenges. 

The report highlights Europe’s underuse of RCTs compared to the US and developing countries. It proposes EU-level coordination and support to encourage RCTs and disseminate policy-relevant knowledge. Ultimately, it positions RCTs as vital tools for evidence-based educational reform across Member States.

Authors

Adrien Bouguen and Marc Gurgand

Cite as

Bouguen, A., Gurgand, M. (2013), Assessing Causality: A Case for Randomized Controlled Trials, EENEE Policy Briefing no. 1/2013.

 

Cover

Files

  • 21 FEBRUARY 2012
Assessing causality: a case for randomized controlled trials - Analytical report
  • 21 FEBRUARY 2012
Assessing causality: a case for randomized controlled trials - Policy Brief